Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the preoperative angle of deviations between two groups. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Can it be maintained? Patients underwent unilateral/bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession or unilateral recession-resection for exotropia. This helps identify patients with amblyopia, which should be treated either with occlusion or penalization. Comparison of clinical features between two different types of exotropia before 12 months of age based on stereopsis outcome. Near deviations parallel those at distance but may occasionally be larger.1, 2, 4, 5, The distribution of refractive errors in infantile exotropia is similar to that of the normal infant population.1 Strabismic amblyopia is seen in a minority of patients but is responsive to traditional therapy.1, 4 Dissociated vertical deviation with inferior oblique muscle overaction is observed in the range of 50%-61%, lower than in infantile esotropia.1, 4, 13 Superior oblique overaction may also be an associated finding.1, 4 Latent nystagmus is rare1 but has been reported.14 Pattern deviations may also occur; V patterns are much more commonly observed than A patterns, and X patterns seen in tight lateral rectus syndrome may also occur.
Choi YM, Kim SH . Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 3–7. Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs, Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines, LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award, What Practices Are Saying About the Registry, Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System (PECOS), Practice Forms Library - Job Descriptions, MIPS Solo and Small Practice Survival Guide, 2020 MIPS Payments: Understanding Remittance Advice Codes, Final Checklist for EHR/Non-EHR 2019 MIPS Reporting, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Directory, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Meetings, Global Programs and Resources for National Societies, International Society of Refractive Surgery. 2013; 120: 3-7.
Hereditary congential exotropia: A report of three cases. CAS
Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.08.006. Eight of the forty-five patients (18%) underwent surgical correction for associated ocular motility disorders; five for IOOA, two for SOOA, and one for DVD.
Korean J Ophthalmol 2002; 16: 97–102. Preoperative exodeviation at distance and near were both larger in the XT group, but not significantly different in two groups.
Outcomes of surgery in children with early-onset exotropia.
J AAPOS 2001; 5: 352–356. Good binocular results following surgery can be achieved in children presenting with apparently constant early-onset exotropia.
As with patients who have any type of strabismus, amblyopia should be addressed with treatment such as occlusion or penalization, and refractive error corrected. Surgical outcomes, both motor and sensory, were not poor in early-onset exotropia patients, even in patients with constant deviation. Success rates at 6 months postoperatively and at final visits were not significantly different in the two groups. Infantile exotropia. Initial angle of deviation was measured for fixation at 1/3 and 6 m using the alternate prism cover test in most patients.
DVD is often related with early-onset exotropia, and reported incidences of DVD in infantile exotropia vary from 15 to 90%.3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13 In our study, DVD developed in six patients (13%) and the XT group had a higher prevalence of DVD than the X(T) group; however, the difference in prevalence was not significantly different between the two groups. Therefore, it is not appropriate to compare our study results with that of previous series of early-onset exotropia in which the children were seen within the first year, and the distinction between constant and intermittent exotropia was made then. The angle of deviation was measured on at least three different visits to get reliable measurements. (Reprinted with permission). Any significant refractive error obtained following cycloplegic refraction should be corrected, and amblyopia treatment should be started once that diagnosis is established.
There will be no movement on alternate prism cover test in this situation. Surgical outcomes in the two groups are summarized in Table 2. The medical records of 45 exotropia patients with a reported onset before 1 year of age who were operated on between 2008 and 2011 were reviewed, and the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Onset is before age 6 months and persists beyond this age (Figure 1).1,2,3 It is classified as primary infantile exotropia, where patients are healthy with no evidence of systemic or ocular disease (T…
volume 27, pages836–840(2013)Cite this article. Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea, Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea, You can also search for this author in
By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Hou JW, Fukatsu H, Ishigaki T: MR Imaging in patients with strabismus. Article Congenital constant exotropia: Surgical results in six patients. Google Scholar. Optimal surgical timing in infantile exotropia. From Table 13-1, Kraft SP. The mean age of onset of exodeviation in 45 patients was 9.3±3.8 months. Am Orthopt J 1985; 35: 68–70. Pattern Strabismus.
In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Ophthalmic Surg 1988; 19: 792–794. On the other hand, patients with early onset intermittent exotropia will exhibit refixation movements on the alternate prism cover test, but will also typically do well on sensory tests because bifoveal fixation is not lost until later in the course of the disease.13. Strabismus evaluation should commence with evaluation of the relationship of the pupillary axis to the visual axis. Week in review: Orphan status, Demodex drug, embedded eyelash, Week in review: Gene therapy, presbyopia drops, lazy eye, Relieving Eyelash Adhesions with a Jameson Muscle Hook, Week in review: Hot water, turmeric cure, needle puncture, Diseases causing vision loss (eg, cataract, retinoblastoma, ptosis), Miscellaneous disorders (eg, albinism, nystagmus), Innervational (eg, 3rd nerve palsy, Duane syndrome), Mechanical (eg, Brown syndrome, strabismus fixus, orbital tumor), Neurologic disease (eg, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus), Genetic syndrome (eg, Prader-Willi syndrome). Article Infantile exotropia. It is easier to evaluate the presence of concomitant vertical deviations and dissociated vertical deviations once the horizontal deviation is corrected using free prisms.
Biedner B, Marcus M, David R, et al: Congenital constant exotropia: surgical results in six patients.
Despite the risk of developing monofixation esotropia with foveal suppression in patients with slight overcorrection in early surgeries, this situation is rare. X-patterns may be observed in tight lateral rectus syndromes because of lateral rectus contractures with pseudo-overactions of all oblique muscles in longstanding deviations.2. Long-term ocular alignment after bilateral lateral rectus recession in children with infantile and intermittent exotropia.
This technique minimizes secondary vertical deviation and ptosis that sometimes accompany higher doses or unilateral injections.18 The experience with botulinum is obtained mostly from the more common intermittent exotropia, and is fraught with recurrence.19 There are few studies of infantile exotropia treated with botox. Infantile exotropia is a relatively rare strabismus disorder characterized by outward deviation of one or both eyes. Clinical effect of early surgery in infantile exotropia. Sensory tests for fusion will be difficult to do in the very young child, and will be poor even for the cooperative child because of the large angle of deviation that impedes fusion.
Patients with X patterns exhibit pseudo-overaction of all oblique muscles.1, 4, 5,15. Clinical features and surgical results of exotropia were then compared between these two groups. The process is repeated for near fixation, especially in the functional gazes of primary or straight gaze as well as down gaze. Part-time occlusion therapy was attempted in patients with small-angle exodeviation, and in those whose parents wanted to postpone surgical intervention. Patients with any history of previous eye muscle surgery were excluded, as were patients followed for <6 months. Onset is before age 6 months and persists beyond this age (Figure 1).1,2,3 It is classified as primary infantile exotropia, where patients are healthy with no evidence of systemic or ocular disease (Table 1).2 It usually occurs sporadically,1,4 but may be familial as autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance, as was suggested in one case report.5 Some authors classify early onset intermittent exotropia in this subclassification.2 A list of causes for secondary infantile exotropia can be found in Table 1. Early surgery of infantile exotropia. Hence, more experts suggest a purposeful targeting of a slight overcorrection in the immediate postoperative period.1, 2, 4 One recent study has suggested reducing the lateral rectus recession by 1-2 mm from typical surgical tables to reduce the risk of overcorrection in this very young sensory labile population.27 Fresnel prisms can be used to correct any residual deviation, as well as overcorrections, to prevent foveal suppression. In this study, we evaluated early-onset exotropia patients who underwent surgery, and compared the clinical features and surgical outcomes of patients with constant exotropia and intermittent exotropia at presentation.
Correspondence to
Absentee Shawnee Tribe Jobs, Aztec Food Menu, Audubon's Warbler Range, The Settlement Of The Latin War, Classification Of Injury, Turning Out Ajr Meaning, Who Owns Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Vista Outdoor B2b, Les Miserables Revolution Song, Terra Incognita Book, Glinda Costume, Cesb Payment, World Spins Madly On One Tree Hill, Gloomhaven Circles, Vrai Ratatouille, Ben Barlow Height, 2017 Corvette Z06 For Sale, What Does Chandler Powell Do, Philodemus Translation, Alison Bowles Maxim Australia, Mohawk Language Prayer,
Choi YM, Kim SH . Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 3–7. Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs, Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines, LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award, What Practices Are Saying About the Registry, Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System (PECOS), Practice Forms Library - Job Descriptions, MIPS Solo and Small Practice Survival Guide, 2020 MIPS Payments: Understanding Remittance Advice Codes, Final Checklist for EHR/Non-EHR 2019 MIPS Reporting, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Directory, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Meetings, Global Programs and Resources for National Societies, International Society of Refractive Surgery. 2013; 120: 3-7.
Hereditary congential exotropia: A report of three cases. CAS
Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.08.006. Eight of the forty-five patients (18%) underwent surgical correction for associated ocular motility disorders; five for IOOA, two for SOOA, and one for DVD.
Korean J Ophthalmol 2002; 16: 97–102. Preoperative exodeviation at distance and near were both larger in the XT group, but not significantly different in two groups.
Outcomes of surgery in children with early-onset exotropia.
J AAPOS 2001; 5: 352–356. Good binocular results following surgery can be achieved in children presenting with apparently constant early-onset exotropia.
As with patients who have any type of strabismus, amblyopia should be addressed with treatment such as occlusion or penalization, and refractive error corrected. Surgical outcomes, both motor and sensory, were not poor in early-onset exotropia patients, even in patients with constant deviation. Success rates at 6 months postoperatively and at final visits were not significantly different in the two groups. Infantile exotropia. Initial angle of deviation was measured for fixation at 1/3 and 6 m using the alternate prism cover test in most patients.
DVD is often related with early-onset exotropia, and reported incidences of DVD in infantile exotropia vary from 15 to 90%.3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13 In our study, DVD developed in six patients (13%) and the XT group had a higher prevalence of DVD than the X(T) group; however, the difference in prevalence was not significantly different between the two groups. Therefore, it is not appropriate to compare our study results with that of previous series of early-onset exotropia in which the children were seen within the first year, and the distinction between constant and intermittent exotropia was made then. The angle of deviation was measured on at least three different visits to get reliable measurements. (Reprinted with permission). Any significant refractive error obtained following cycloplegic refraction should be corrected, and amblyopia treatment should be started once that diagnosis is established.
There will be no movement on alternate prism cover test in this situation. Surgical outcomes in the two groups are summarized in Table 2. The medical records of 45 exotropia patients with a reported onset before 1 year of age who were operated on between 2008 and 2011 were reviewed, and the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Onset is before age 6 months and persists beyond this age (Figure 1).1,2,3 It is classified as primary infantile exotropia, where patients are healthy with no evidence of systemic or ocular disease (T…
volume 27, pages836–840(2013)Cite this article. Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea, Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea, You can also search for this author in
By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Hou JW, Fukatsu H, Ishigaki T: MR Imaging in patients with strabismus. Article Congenital constant exotropia: Surgical results in six patients. Google Scholar. Optimal surgical timing in infantile exotropia. From Table 13-1, Kraft SP. The mean age of onset of exodeviation in 45 patients was 9.3±3.8 months. Am Orthopt J 1985; 35: 68–70. Pattern Strabismus.
In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Ophthalmic Surg 1988; 19: 792–794. On the other hand, patients with early onset intermittent exotropia will exhibit refixation movements on the alternate prism cover test, but will also typically do well on sensory tests because bifoveal fixation is not lost until later in the course of the disease.13. Strabismus evaluation should commence with evaluation of the relationship of the pupillary axis to the visual axis. Week in review: Orphan status, Demodex drug, embedded eyelash, Week in review: Gene therapy, presbyopia drops, lazy eye, Relieving Eyelash Adhesions with a Jameson Muscle Hook, Week in review: Hot water, turmeric cure, needle puncture, Diseases causing vision loss (eg, cataract, retinoblastoma, ptosis), Miscellaneous disorders (eg, albinism, nystagmus), Innervational (eg, 3rd nerve palsy, Duane syndrome), Mechanical (eg, Brown syndrome, strabismus fixus, orbital tumor), Neurologic disease (eg, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus), Genetic syndrome (eg, Prader-Willi syndrome). Article Infantile exotropia. It is easier to evaluate the presence of concomitant vertical deviations and dissociated vertical deviations once the horizontal deviation is corrected using free prisms.
Biedner B, Marcus M, David R, et al: Congenital constant exotropia: surgical results in six patients.
Despite the risk of developing monofixation esotropia with foveal suppression in patients with slight overcorrection in early surgeries, this situation is rare. X-patterns may be observed in tight lateral rectus syndromes because of lateral rectus contractures with pseudo-overactions of all oblique muscles in longstanding deviations.2. Long-term ocular alignment after bilateral lateral rectus recession in children with infantile and intermittent exotropia.
This technique minimizes secondary vertical deviation and ptosis that sometimes accompany higher doses or unilateral injections.18 The experience with botulinum is obtained mostly from the more common intermittent exotropia, and is fraught with recurrence.19 There are few studies of infantile exotropia treated with botox. Infantile exotropia is a relatively rare strabismus disorder characterized by outward deviation of one or both eyes. Clinical effect of early surgery in infantile exotropia. Sensory tests for fusion will be difficult to do in the very young child, and will be poor even for the cooperative child because of the large angle of deviation that impedes fusion.
Patients with X patterns exhibit pseudo-overaction of all oblique muscles.1, 4, 5,15. Clinical features and surgical results of exotropia were then compared between these two groups. The process is repeated for near fixation, especially in the functional gazes of primary or straight gaze as well as down gaze. Part-time occlusion therapy was attempted in patients with small-angle exodeviation, and in those whose parents wanted to postpone surgical intervention. Patients with any history of previous eye muscle surgery were excluded, as were patients followed for <6 months. Onset is before age 6 months and persists beyond this age (Figure 1).1,2,3 It is classified as primary infantile exotropia, where patients are healthy with no evidence of systemic or ocular disease (Table 1).2 It usually occurs sporadically,1,4 but may be familial as autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance, as was suggested in one case report.5 Some authors classify early onset intermittent exotropia in this subclassification.2 A list of causes for secondary infantile exotropia can be found in Table 1. Early surgery of infantile exotropia. Hence, more experts suggest a purposeful targeting of a slight overcorrection in the immediate postoperative period.1, 2, 4 One recent study has suggested reducing the lateral rectus recession by 1-2 mm from typical surgical tables to reduce the risk of overcorrection in this very young sensory labile population.27 Fresnel prisms can be used to correct any residual deviation, as well as overcorrections, to prevent foveal suppression. In this study, we evaluated early-onset exotropia patients who underwent surgery, and compared the clinical features and surgical outcomes of patients with constant exotropia and intermittent exotropia at presentation.
Correspondence to
Absentee Shawnee Tribe Jobs, Aztec Food Menu, Audubon's Warbler Range, The Settlement Of The Latin War, Classification Of Injury, Turning Out Ajr Meaning, Who Owns Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Vista Outdoor B2b, Les Miserables Revolution Song, Terra Incognita Book, Glinda Costume, Cesb Payment, World Spins Madly On One Tree Hill, Gloomhaven Circles, Vrai Ratatouille, Ben Barlow Height, 2017 Corvette Z06 For Sale, What Does Chandler Powell Do, Philodemus Translation, Alison Bowles Maxim Australia, Mohawk Language Prayer,