The sphenoid bone is located at the central skull base and is commonly considered the most complex bone in the human body. Group C: Large invasive tumors of the sphenoid wing (“invasion en masse”).
This forms the anterior part of the middle cranial fossa. This cavity is formed by the body and greater wings of the sphenoid mainly, as well as the petrous portion of the temporal bone posteriorly and the squamous portions laterally. If you think this picture helpful, please don't forget to rate us below the picture! Often there is a torsional strain passing into the ipsilateral pterygoid and primitive palatine.
Intraosseous strains of the sphenoid will alter the shape of the superior orbital fissure. The foramen ovale and foramen spinosum are located within the greater wing of the sphenoid and are oriented almost perpendicular to the foramen rotundum and vidian canal. Sellar length, defined as the greatest anteroposterior diameter of the pituitary fossa, may occur at the level of the tuberculum sellae or below. In the depths of the middle cranial fossa we have the foramen ovale which is the oval shaped foramen which allows the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve to leave the skull. The IOF is formed by a cleft between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the body of the maxilla at the orbital floor and transmits the infraorbital artery, vein, and nerve (from V2). Optic canal. 5th ed. 13-8A). En plaque meningiomas can also occur in this region. Middle sphenoid wing meningiomas may present with symptoms related to intracranial hypertension and epilepsy. Inferolaterally, the cavernous sinus extends up to but does not include the margins of the foramen rotundum and ovale. Fig.
Both tegmen tympani and jugular foramen meningiomas spread into the middle ear cavity. Osteolysis, however, is rarely observed. Just posterior to the frontal crest is the foramen caecum which is a small opening just anterior to the crista galli. Valve Maintenance . Philadelphia, Penn. Intraosseous strains within the sphenoid may result from forces acting on the cranial base which transmit through the basisphenoid or from forces acting upon the vault which are transmitted through the membranous cranium, i.e.
Closely associated with the basilar part of the occipital bone as well as the foramen magnum is the Clivus. The superior orbital fissure, through which the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and ophthalmic nerves pass, is formed on its inferior and lateral margins by the greater wing and on its superior margin by the lesser wing.
It has numerous foramina and harbours the pituitary gland. Within the floor can be found the carotid sulcus which is a small indentation which demarcates the internal carotid artery’s path. (B) Axial postcontrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance image.
13-8C). The third is the foramen spinosum, which forms the dot of the exclamation point formed by the ovale.
There are a number of features of this bone which can be seen from above. This bone is the center of attention in endonasal skull base surgery. Bilateral bowl like indentations are found in the floor of the posterior cranial fossa and are referred to as the cerebellar Fossa. Sphenoid wing and clinoidal meningiomas are classified based on their origin along the sphenoid wing as clinoidal, middle, and lateral sphenoid wing lesions (Cushing & Eisenhardt 1938; Bonnal et al 1980; Al-Mefty 1990). This is an online quiz called Sphenoid Bone, superior view. Manchell, E. and Brock, D. (2011). This increased density may be homogeneous, coarse, or spiculated at the margin (Fig. The anterior clinoid processes are located at the medial end of the lesser wings, the middle clinoid processes are lateral to the tuberculum sellae, and the posterior clinoid processes are situated at the superolateral margin of the dorsum sellae. The inner layer encloses the third and fourth cranial nerves and the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The sphenoid lies posterior and slightly superior to the nasal cavity and forms part of the floor, side walls, and rear wall of the orbit (Figure 1). In the superior view, the pituitary fossa occupies the central part of the body and is bounded anteriorly by the tuberculum sellae and posteriorly by the dorsum sellae (see Figures 10-1 and 10-6). In the infant, the superior orbital fissure is more elongated and narrow than in the adult, where it assumes a triangular shape.
The lateral wall is shorter than the medial wall, which tends to direct the newborn's eyes laterally. These three parts of the sphenoid are not fused at birth and exist as separate structures joined by very thin cartilage. It forms the posterior part of the sella turcica, and leads into the clivus. The optic canal is superior to the superior orbital fissure (SOF), formed by a cleft between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid. The roof of the optic canal is formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and proximally by the falciform ligament. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver, Author: Those meningiomas have no significant intracranial component and are characterized by marked hyperostosis of the, An Osteopathic Approach to Children (Second Edition), Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques (Sixth Edition). Back to SPHENOID BONE. the anterior dural girdle, into the paired structures of the sphenoid. Inferior to the arcuate eminence is the internal acoustic meatus which enables both the facial and vestibulocochlear nerve to leave the skull. Sphenoid Bone. The external layer of the wall of the cavernous sinus is a continuation with the dura of the middle fossa. Unlabeled Sphenoid bone superior view; Unlabeled Sphenoid Bone Superior View.
The dorsum sellae is continuous with the clivus. In between the plates we have a bony ridge known as the Crista Galli which is the latin word for ‘rooster comb.’ The perpendicular plate of the bone also forms the posterosuperior part of the bony nasal septum. Within the floor of the middle cranial fossa is found the foramen Lacerum which is filled with cartilage in life and has a superior relationship the carotid canal.
The superior aspect of each greater wing is concave upward and is filled by the pole of each temporal lobe. The surgical approach to this type of pathology is the complete removal of the greater and lesser sphenoid wings (including the anterior clinoid), the opening of the basal foramina, and the removal of the superior and lateral orbital walls, which then facilitates the removal of the involved dura. RhotonJR., in Transsphenoidal Surgery, 2010. The sella turcica lies within the body of the sphenoid bone, which has a wedgelike shape and looks like a key that slots into the floor of the skull.
Add to folder Flag. Gray’s Anatomy for Students. The sphenoid ridge separates the anterior from the middle cranial fossa and is related to the sphenoid segment of the sylvian fissure and the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery. Register now The zygoma and maxilla form the anterior aspect. The basilar artery, which is formed by the anastomosis of the two vertebral arteries, lies in close association with the clivus. Both these nerves arise directly next to one another from the pontomedullary angle. The upper part of the clivus is formed by the sphenoid bone and the lower part by the occipital bone. Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" Click to Rate "Liked It" Click to Rate "Really Liked It" Click to Rate "Loved It" 4.5 1; Favorite. Superior to the jugular foramen is the internal acoustic meatus which is located in the anterior medial section of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and allows both the facial and vestibulocochlear nerve to leave the skull. Superior view of the base of the skull: want to learn more about it? Posteriorly is the section of the sphenoid bone which is known as the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. If dissection is planned in the cavernous sinus, proximal ICA control in either the petrous canal or the neck is necessary. The arteries emerge through the carotid canal and travel forwards to pass through the cavernous sinus. The nerve goes on to supply sensation to the skin over the lower jaw. The pterion is located over the upper part of the greater wing and approximates the site of the lateral end of the sphenoid ridge. These tumors can be resected in a fashion similar to convexity meningiomas once the sphenoid ridge is drilled away to allow for the circumferential dural resection needed to remove the tumor's attachment. This is a bony impression of the trigeminal ganglion, which sits within the dura mater towards the apex of the petrous section of the temporal bone. Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy. Click on the tags below to find other quizzes on the same subject. The central skull base forms the floor of the middle cranial fossa and the roof of the sphenoid sinus and nasopharynx. Meningiomas en plaque also occur in the area of the sphenoid wing. Bimetallic Steam Trap Diagram. These dural relations explain much of the growth pattern (i.e., growth into the orbital canal, orbit, and cavernous sinus) observed in some sphenoid meningiomas, although transosseous tumor growth clearly occurs.
The volume is calculated by applying the simplified mathematical formula for the volume of an ellipsoid, namely, volume (cm3) = 0.5 (length × width × depth in mm)/1000. The sphenoid bone is a single bone with multiple parts. We are pleased to provide you with the picture named Sphenoid Bone Anatomy Superior View And Posterior View.
Note the marked hyperostosis of the right sphenoid wing and the soft-tissue tumor extensions into the orbit and anterior temporal fossa. It has a central portion called the body; two lesser wings, which spread outward from the superolateral part of the body; two greater wings, which spread upward from the lower part of the body; and two pterygoid processes with their medial and lateral pterygoid plates directed downward from the body. There are numerous foramina and fissures in the central skull base and a detailed understanding of their relationships as well as the important adjacent intracranial and extracranial soft-tissue structures is crucial for skull base imaging (Figs 30.1 and 30.3). Alterations in the relationship of the parts of the sphenoid may also indirectly affect the rectus muscles of the eye, which have their origin in the common tendon. The nerve goes on to supply motor function to all of the muscles of the tongue (aside from palatoglossus which is supplied by the vagus nerve). 31.26). The medial part of the sphenoid ridge is formed by the ala minor, and the lateral part by the ala major. Additionally, anterior clinoidal meningiomas (ACMs), which commonly invade the cavernous sinus, put the third to the sixth cranial nerves at risk (Bonnal et al 1980; Al-Mefty 1990). Posterior to the foramen magnum is the internal occipital crest. Initially, the distal MCA branches are identified in the sylvian fissure and followed back to the tumor. Running lateral from this point on either side are the transverse sinuses. The bone architecture will be grossly affected, which will become more evident upon comparison to contralateral side on CT (Fig. Anatomynote.com found Sphenoid Bone Anatomy Superior View And Posterior View from plenty of anatomical pictures on the internet. Their behavior and management are similar to convexity meningiomas. They are small projections from the sphenoid bone, and forms the anterior and posterior posts of the ‘four poster bed’ like structure in which the pituitary gland sits.
This can lead to painless proptosis or cranial neuropathies due to encroachment upon the foramen.
Group 1 anterior clinoid meningiomas carry an especial risk of carotid injury because of their direct adventitial adherence to the supraclinoid carotid artery (Fig. The upper limit of normal depth is 13 mm; length, 17 mm; width, 15 mm; and volume, 1100 mm.6. This is a feature of the petrous (stone like) part of the temporal bone.
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