Starkloff also closed the municipal court, playgrounds, library reading rooms, pool halls, fraternal lodges and limited the use of public transportation, at the time that meant streetcars. They also agreed to a sweeping closure order. The show is hosted by Sarah Fenske and produced by Alex Heuer, Emily Woodbury, Evie Hemphill, Lara Hamdan and Joshua Phelps. No charges were pressed. Saloons in this zone likewise had to follow the new hours. Starkloff lifted all restrictions on December 28 and announced schools would reopen on January 2.37 For the rest of the winter, St. Louis continued to experience low numbers of influenza cases, but the tallies – now compiled as weekly data – remained quite low. Viral Modernism: The Influenza Pandemic and Interwar Literature, Six Flags St. Louis offers scaled back, socially distant Halloween event for the fall, Trick-or-treating in doubt this year so Halloween candy comes out even earlier, A milestone for Missouri, as the number of COVID-19 cases tops 100,000, Full access to STLtoday.com and the award-winning journalism, Faster-loading pages with no more surveys. Starkloff, fully supported by the city's mayor, "was very quick to implement city closures," Navarro says. “If you look to smaller, industrial cities in the Midwest, we did not do as well, and I think that probably had a lot to do with the very bad coal pollution,” Naffziger said Wednesday on St. Louis on the Air. And on October 7, Starkloff took aggressive action and began to shut down the city. 12 “559 New Influenza Cases and 32 Deaths,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 18 Oct. 1918, 3. The general consensus is that because St. Louis implemented more extensive quarantine measures, the area had a lower death rate than other cities — like Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and New York City. Launching an advertising campaign, the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce created circulars for its members to send to out-of-town customers showing that St. Louis had a lower epidemic death rate than did Chicago, and that it was therefore the healthier city.38. The city's health commissioner "immediately started warning the public and told physicians to report influenza cases.". Threats of harming another By October 11, City Hospital was full, mostly the result of private hospitals that refused to accept influenza patients. None have influenza yet, and the quarantine is precautionary only. Although St. Louis’s influenza epidemic was not yet severe, physicians, nurses, and medical supplies were in short supply due to the war effort. 3 “Jacob E. Meeker, Congressman, Dies of Influenza,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 16 Oct. 1918, 1. Mayor Kiel announced that a more formal celebration of peace would be announced after the epidemic was over and the closure orders removed.29 The next day, Starkloff and his medical advisory board agreed to lift the ban gradually over the course of the coming week. Health Commissioner Starkloff warns that influenza is on the rise despite the precautions taken. Meeting with downtown retailers, the Health Commissioner asked store owners and managers to stop advertising Saturday sales in order to reduce weekend crowding.18 Several days later, on October 20, Starkloff issued a new order restricting downtown business hours to 9:30 am to 4:30 pm in the busy downtown section of St. Louis bounded by Olive Street, Washington Avenue, and Fourth and Twelfth Streets. St. Louis had far fewer fatalities than Philadelphia. In the late summer of 1918, the devastating second wave of the Spanish flu arrived on America’s shores. Wedding attendants wore gauze masks.3. ST. LOUIS (KMOV.com) -- You should know the name Dr. Max C. Starkloff. The parade started Sept. 28 at Diamond Street, moved south on Broad and ended at Mifflin Street, according to the Evening Public Ledger, a city newspaper. Uncovering The Underground Railroad’s Hidden Past In The Metro East. He also banned public gatherings of more than 20 people. He canceled the city's Liberty Bonds parade. Health Commissioner Starkloff announces that the closure order and gathering ban might be in place for a month. He was the St. Louis City Health Commissioner that led the way in 1918 with aggressive actions during the Spanish influenza pandemic. Get an email notification whenever someone contributes to the discussion. Of the 31,500 who got sick in St. Louis only 1,703 died. Parade marchers mingled with crowds, and "in the week following the parade, physicians and nurses reported 4,541 new cases of influenza, nearly nine times the number reported for the week prior to the Liberty Loan march,” Anderson wrote. Archbishop Glennon inquires about the opening of churches. Dr. C. E. Freeman, the chief surgeon at the barracks, issued an urgent plea for every nurse and nurse trainee from St. Louis he could get.2 Unfortunately, the ban on visitors to Jefferson Barracks did not apply to two-term Congressman Jacob E. Meeker, who visited the facility on October 9 during his re-election campaign. Next, he wrote an article in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch detailing how best to avoid influenza and the deadly pneumonia that often accompanied this new form of the disease. A few dozen men there had developed influenza by October 1, prompting the commander to discontinue all public entertainment and bar all gatherings, to prohibit visitors from entering buildings occupied by draftees and enlisted men, and revoking passes to travel outside the barracks. The East Coast and Philadelphia "were hit at a much earlier stage of the pandemic," says David McKinsey, an infectious disease physician at the Research Medical Center in Kansas City, Missouri. 711-25. 23 “Schmoll in Favor of Reopening Churches,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 31 Oct. 1918, 10; “Kiel and Starkloff Disagree on Ban,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 31 Oct. 1918, 5. Alarmed by the rapidly growing number of influenza cases in the early days of October, however, Starkloff abruptly changed his mind about the need for a sweeping closure order and gathering ban.

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